金钱可以买到幸福吗？宾夕法尼亚大学研究者的一项最新研究表明，答案是肯定的，钱越多幸福感越高。
无注释原文：
It Seems Money Does Buy Happiness After All
Bloomberg
That money can’t buy happiness is an age-old trope. Since the advent of modern public-opinion research, scholars have been trying to test it—with varying results.
One issue is that happiness may have different aspects. In a much-cited 2010 paper, psychologist Daniel Kahneman and economist Angus Deaton (both winners of the Nobel Prize in economics) looked at Gallup surveys and found that while Americans’ assessment of life satisfaction went up in lockstep with income, their emotional well-being plateaued after a household income of about $75,000 a year, around $90,000 in today’s dollars. Emotional well-being was measured by asking about feelings experienced the previous day, then classifying the responses by whether they exhibited positive affect or blue affect (worry and sadness) and stress.
Around when Kahneman and Deaton were doing this research, Harvard psychology doctoral student and former software product manager Matthew Killingsworth was developing a measurement tool, an iPhone app called Track Your Happiness that pings users at random intervals and asks about their activities and feelings, often using a sliding scale for answers. One early finding, published in 2010, was that wandering minds bring unhappiness.
Killingsworth, now a senior fellow at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, has since used his app to measure the link between happiness and income. The conclusion, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is that while the connection is stronger for life satisfaction than it is for experienced well-being, it doesn’t disappear for the latter after $75,000 or $90,000. Money keeps buying happiness, even for the affluent.
◉ App Happy
Killingsworth drew on 1,725,994 experience-sampling reports from 33,391 employed U.S. adults using his app.
◉ Above Average
U.S. median household income was $68,703 in 2019. Among the participants in Killingsworth’s survey, it was $85,000.
◉ It May Not Work for Countries
Economist Richard Easterlin found in 1974 that higher per-capita national incomes didn’t bring higher reported happiness, a conclusion that’s been debated ever since.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
It Seems Money Does Buy Happiness After All
Bloomberg
That money can't buy happiness is an age-old trope. Since the advent of modern public-opinion research, scholars have been trying to test it—with varying results.
金钱买不到幸福是一个古老的说法。自现代民意研究出现以来，学者们一直在试图验证它--结果各不相同。
trope
表示“（某位艺术家作品中，或某一类艺术作品中常用的）理念，说法，形象”，英文解释为“something such as an idea, phrase, or image that is often used in a particular artist's work, in a particular type of art, etc.”举个：
Human-like robots are a classic trope of science fiction.
像人一样的机器人是科幻 中的典型形象。
the advent of
表示“（事件、发明或人物的）出现，来临，到来”，英文解释为“the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving”举个：
Life was transformed by the advent of the smartphone.
智能手机的出现使人类生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。
电影《X战警：第一战》（X-Men: First Class）中的台词提到：The adventofthe nuclear age may have accelerated the mutation process. 核时代的到来可能会加快突变过程。
One issue is that happiness may have different aspects. In a much-cited 2010 paper, psychologist Daniel Kahneman and economist Angus Deaton (both winners of the Nobel Prize in economics) looked at Gallup surveys and found that while Americans' assessment of life satisfaction went up in lockstep with income, their emotional well-being plateaued after a household income of about $75,000 a year, around $90,000 in today's dollars. Emotional well-being was measured by asking about feelings experienced the previous day, then classifying the responses by whether they exhibited positive affect or blue affect (worry and sadness) and stress.
其中一个问题是，幸福可能有不同的方面。在2010年一篇被大量引用的论文中，心理学家丹尼尔·卡尼曼（Daniel Kahneman）和经济学家安格斯·迪顿（Angus Deaton）（两人都是诺贝尔经济学奖得主）研究了盖洛普（Gallup）的调查，发现虽然美国人对生活满意度（life satisfaction）的评估随着收入的增加而同步上升，但在家庭年收入达到7.5万美元左右（以今天的美元计算约为9万美元）之后，他们的情绪幸福感（emotional well-being）就趋于平稳。情绪幸福感的度量方法是询问前一天经历的感受，然后根据他们的反应，表现出积极的情感还是忧郁的情感（担心和悲伤）和压力进行分类。
much-cited
对论文写作熟悉的小伙伴对这个词应该不陌生，cite作动词，可以表示“引用，引述”，英文解释为“to speak or write words taken from a particular writer or written work”举个：
She cites both T.S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf in her article.
她在文章中引用了T.S.艾略特和弗吉尼娅·吴尔夫的作品。
《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述新冠大流行中的隐性传染的文章中提到：The residents of Vo, an Italian town in which all 3,300 people were tested twice, is another much-cited example. 另一个被广泛引用的例子是意大利沃镇（Vo），镇上3300名居民全部接受了两次检测。
lockstep
表示“步伐一致，同生同变”，英文解释为“If people or things move in lockstep, or if they move in lockstep with each other, they act in a similar way.”举个：
After years of moving in lockstep, France and Germany are growing apart at an alarming rate.
多年步伐一致之后，法国与德国正在以惊人的速度分道扬镳。
plateau
plateau /ˈplætəʊ/ 表示“稳定；停滞”，英文解释为“to reach a particular level and then stay the same”举个：
I'd been losing about a pound a week on my diet, but recently I've plateaued.
我通过节食体重每周减轻1磅左右，但最近体重稳定了下来。
blue
熟词僻义，表示“悲伤的；忧郁的；沮丧的”，英文解释为“feeling or showing sadness”举个：
He's been a bit blue since she left him.
自从她离开后，他就一直有些闷闷不乐。
affect
熟词僻义，作名词，表示“（尤指影响行为或行动的）情感，感情，渴望”，英文解释为“emotion or desire as influencing behaviour.”
Around when Kahneman and Deaton were doing this research, Harvard psychology doctoral student and former software product manager Matthew Killingsworth was developing a measurement tool, an iPhone app called Track Your Happiness that pings users at random intervals and asks about their activities and feelings, often using a sliding scale for answers. One early finding, published in 2010, was that wandering minds bring unhappiness.
大约在卡尼曼和迪顿做这项研究的时候，哈佛大学心理学博士生、前软件产品经理马修·基林斯沃斯（Matthew Killingsworth）正在开发一款衡量工具，这是一款名为“追踪你的幸福”（Track Your Happiness）的iPhone应用，它以随机的时间间隔向用户发出提示，询问他们的活动和感受，通常使用滑动刻度来回答。2010年发表的一项早期发现是，飘忽不定的心态会带来不快乐。
ping
表示“发送（电子邮件、手机短信）”，英文解释为“to send an email or text message to sb”举个：
I'll ping it to you later.
我随后把它发送给你。
(sliding scale)
Killingsworth, now a senior fellow at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, has since used his app to measure the link between happiness and income. The conclusion, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is that while the connection is stronger for life satisfaction than it is for experienced well-being, it doesn't disappear for the latter after $75,000 or $90,000. Money keeps buying happiness, even for the affluent.
现任宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院高级研究员的基林斯沃斯，此后用他的应用评估了幸福感和收入之间的联系。刚刚发表在《美国科学院院报》（Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences）上的结论是，虽然生活满意度的联系比体验幸福感的联系更强，但后者在7.5万美元或9万美元之后并没有消失。钱一直可以买来幸福感，即使是对富裕的人来说也是如此。
affluent
表示“富裕的；富足的”，英文解释为“having a lot of money or owning a lot of things”如：affluent nations 富有国家。
◉ App Happy “追踪你的幸福”应用
Killingsworthdrew on 1,725,994 experience-sampling reports from 33,391 employed U.S. adults using his app.
基林斯沃斯从33391名使用他的应用的美国就业成年人的1,725,994份采样体验报告中得出。
draw on
表示“利用，依赖（信息或知识）”，英文解释为“to use information or your knowledge of something to help you do something”举个：
His novels draw heavily on his childhood.
他的 大多取材于自己的童年经历。
◉ Above Average 高于平均水平
U.S. median household income was $68,703 in 2019. Among the participants in Killingsworth's survey, it was $85,000.
2019年，美国家庭收入中位数为68,703美元。在基林斯沃斯的调查参与者中，是8.5万美元。
◉ It May Not Work for Countries 可能不适用于某些国家
Economist Richard Easterlin found in 1974 that higher per-capita national incomes didn't bring higher reported happiness, a conclusion that's been debated ever since.
经济学家理查德·伊斯特林（Richard Easterlin）在1974年发现，较高的人均国民收入并没有带来较高的报告幸福感，这个结论从那时起就一直受争议。
per capita
表示“每人的；人均的”，英文解释为“for each person”举个：
Per capita income rose sharply last year.
去年人均收入猛增。
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你经常用的line-height使内容垂直居中，你真的懂它的原理吗？
你经常用的line-height使内容垂直居中，你真的懂它的原理吗？
一、line-height是什么
line-height 属性设置行间的距离（行高），说的直白一点，就是设置两段段文本之间的距离如果我们把一段文本的line-height设置为父容器的高度就可以实现文本垂直居中了。
二、分析其原理
首先来看个图
如图，每一行文字，可看成由上间距、文本内容、下间距构成，根据行高的标准定义，行高等于两条基线之间的距离，即第一行的3-4+上下间距+第二行的1-2+2-3，因为css中每一行的上间距和下间距肯定是相等的，所以代换一下，行高就等于它本身的上间距+下间距+文本高度。因此，我们也可以把行高记为，行高就是一行的高度，这一行的高度中包含了上下两个间距和文本内容本身。而文本内容在每一行中都是居中的，所以利用这个原理，就可以实现垂直居中。
看个例子：
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>title>
<style type="text/css">
.container {
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
line-height: 200px;
margin: 0 auto;
border: 1px solid red;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div class="container">
哈哈哈
div>
body>
html>
如上图所示。本例子中，我们设置div的高度为200px，然后里面有一行文本，我们设置了行高为200px，设置完200px后，文字本身16px不会改变，变的是它的上间距和下间距。正如上图所描述的那样。我想到这，你就应该明白了line-height为什么可以使其垂直居中了。
三、扩展一下
再来看一个例子
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>title>
<style type="text/css">
.container {
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
line-height: 200px;
margin: 0 auto;
border: 1px solid red;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div class="container">
哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈啊哈哈
div>
body>
html>
可以发现和上面的例子代码位移不一样的地方是文本变多了一些，先来看一下此时的效果。
好像不是我们想要的垂直居中效果，这是为什么呢？
div盒子我们设置的宽度是200px，默认当内容宽度超过盒子宽度时，会自动换行。所以当文本换行之后就造成了这样的结果。
我们再想，即使自动换行了，我们也想要下图中的效果。而不是上图中那样的效果。
先分析一下上图结果的原理。当换行之后，因为我们设置了line-height：200px。也就是说它会给段落行高设置为200px，而此时由于自动换行，换成了3行。所以它给每一行都设置了行高为200px，这就是造成上图那样的原因。
那么我就想要下图这样的效果，我们该怎么做呢？我们可以利用display：table-cell和vertical-align: middle;来进行设置。直接看代码。
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>title>
<style type="text/css">
.container {
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
border: 1px solid red;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div class="container">
哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈啊哈哈
div>
body>
html>
