在64位操作系统中,所有类型的指针都是8字节。
在32位操作系统中,所有类型的指针都是4字节。
对于const char *str[]={"aa","bbb" ,"1234567890"};,它的每个元素都是一个char*指针,所以它的每个元素占8字节。即:
sizeof(str[0])==8;
sizeof(str)/sizeof(str[0])==3;
字符型char占1个字节
整型int占4个字节
长整型long int占8个字节
sizeof(char)==1
sizeof(int)==4
sizeof(long int)==8
但是,所有指针类型都是8字节:
sizeof(char*)==8
sizeof(int*)==8
sizeof(long int*)==8
以下是例子:
#include
// g++ -std=c++11 -pthread test.cpp -o test
int main() {
const char *str[] = {"BLACK", "RED", "YELLOW",
"GREEN", "UNKNOWN", "123456789"};
unsigned int str_num = sizeof(str) / sizeof(str[0]);
std::cout << "sizeof(str[0]= " << sizeof(str[0]) << std::endl; //结果是 8
std::cout << "sizeof(str[5]= " << sizeof(str[5]) << std::endl; //结果是 8
std::cout << "sizeof(str)= " << sizeof(str) << std::endl; //结果是 6*8=48
std::cout << "sizeof(str)/sizeof(str[0])= " << str_num
<< std::endl; //结果是 48/8=6
char *p1 = nullptr;
int *p2 = nullptr;
long int *p3 = nullptr;
std::cout << "sizeof(p1)= " << sizeof(p1) << std::endl; //结果是 8
std::cout << "sizeof(char*)= " << sizeof(char *) << std::endl;
std::cout << "sizeof(int*)= " << sizeof(int *) << std::endl;
std::cout << "sizeof(p2)= " << sizeof(p2) << std::endl; //结果是 8
std::cout << "sizeof(p3)= " << sizeof(p3) << std::endl; //结果是 8
std::cout << "sizeof(char)= " << sizeof(char) << std::endl; //结果是 1
std::cout << "sizeof(int)= " << sizeof(int) << std::endl; //结果是 4
std::cout << "sizeof(long int)= " << sizeof(long int)
<< std::endl; //结果是 8
return 0;
}
C++ float转换int,四舍五入
正常的float 转换为 int 的情况是采用去尾巴的方式,也就是说去掉小数点后面的数值。
1. 常规的float 转换为 int :
例如: 9.34 = (int) 9 ; 9.99 = (int) 9 。
#include
int main()
{
float i = 9.34;
float j = 9.99;
int a, b;
a = (int) i;
b = (int) j;
printf("a = %d\n",a);
printf("b = %d\n",b);
}
上面的输出结果为:
a = 9
b = 9
2. float 转换为 int 需要四舍五入提高精度,则基本算法如下:
在计算是特别要注意正负数的问题,另外要注意round()函数转换后虽然数值小数点后都变为了零,但此时还是float,还需要转换为 int。
#include
int main()
{
float zer = 0;
float i = 9.34;
float j = 9.99;
float k = -9.34;
float m = -9.99;
int a, b, c, d, e;
int a1, b1, c1, d1, e1;
a = (int) (i * 10 + 5) / 10;
b = (int) (j * 10 + 5) / 10;
c = (int) (k * 10 - 5) / 10;
d = (int) (m * 10 - 5) / 10;
e = zer;
a1 = (int) round(i)
b1 = (int) round(j);
c1 = (int) round(k);
d1 = (int) round(m);
e1 = (int) round(zer);
printf("a = %d\n",a);
printf("b = %d\n",b);
printf("c = %d\n",c);
printf("d = %d\n",d);
printf("e = %d\n",e);
printf("round a1 is %f\n", a1);
printf("round b1 is %f\n", b1);
printf("round c1 is %f\n", c1);
printf("round d1 is %f\n", d1);
printf("round e1 is %f\n", e1);
}
上面的输出结果为:
a = 9
b = 10
c = -9
d = -10
e = 0
round a1 is 9
round b1 is 10
round c1 is -9
round d1 is -10
round e1 is 0